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Spanish Americans ((スペイン語:español-americanos), or ) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly from Spain.〔Most dictionaries give this definition as the first or only definition for "Spanish American". ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'' (3rd ed.) (1992). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-44895-6. ''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary'' (11th ed.) (2003). Springfield: Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0-87779-807-9. ''The Random House Dictionary of the English Language'' (2nd ed.) (1987). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-50050-4. ''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles'' (2007). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2. ''Webster's New Dictionary and Thesaurus'' (2002). Cleveland: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 978-0-471-79932-0〕 Spanish Americans are the longest-established European-American group with a continuous presence in Florida since 1565〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Spanish Expedition Established St. Augustine in Florida )〕 and are the eighth-largest (choosing the term "Spaniard") Hispanic group in the United States of America. About 50.5 million Americans are of Latin American descent and therefore many having Spanish ancestry due to Spanish colonialism, although the term "Spanish-American" is used only to refer to Americans whose ancestry originates entirely or partially from Spain. ==Immigration waves== (詳細はUnited States of America with governments answerable to Madrid. The first settlement was at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, followed by others in New Mexico, California, Arizona, Texas, and Louisiana. In 1598, San Juan de los Caballeros was established, near present-day Santa Fe, New Mexico, by Juan de Oñate and about 1,000 other Spaniards. Spanish immigrants also established settlements in San Diego, California (1602), San Antonio, Texas (1691) and Tucson, Arizona (1699). By the mid-1600s the Spanish in America numbered more than 400,000.〔(Immigration and Migration ) By Rayna Bailey〕 After the establishment of the American colonies, an additional 250,000 immigrants arrived either directly from Spain, the Canary Islands or, after a relatively short sojourn, from present-day central Mexico. These Spanish settlers expanded European influence in the New World. The Canary Islanders settled in bayou areas surrounding New Orleans in Louisiana from 1778 to 1783 and in San Antonio de Bejar, San Antonio, Texas, in 1731.〔Hernández González, Manuel. La emigración canaria a América (Canarian Emigration to the Americas). Pages 15 and 43 - 44 (about the expeditions and Canarian emigration in Texas), page 51 (about of the Canarian emigration to Louisiana). First Edition January, 2007〕 Most of the Spanish settler descendants in present-day Texas, California, New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona self-identified as Spanish-Americans to differentiate themselves nominally from the population of Mexican-Americans who came after the Mexican Revolution and more often identified as Mestizo, that is mixed native and European ancestry; others only self-identified as of European origin.〔()〕〔(New Mexico CultureNet - Cuartocentenario )〕 The earliest Spanish settlements in then northern Mexico were the result of the same forces that later led the English to come to North America. Exploration had been fueled in part by imperial hopes for the discovery of wealthy civilizations. In addition, like those aboard the Mayflower, most Spaniards came to the New World seeking land to farm, or occasionally, as historians have recently established, freedom from religious persecution. A smaller percentage of new Spanish settlers were descendants of Spanish Jewish converts and Spanish Muslim converts. Basques stood out in the exploration of the Americas, both as soldiers and members of the crews that sailed for the Spanish. Prominent in the civil service and colonial administration, they were accustomed to overseas travel and residence. Another reason for their emigration besides the restrictive inheritance laws in the Basque Country, was the devastation from the Napoleonic Wars in the first half of the nineteenth century, which was followed by defeats in the two Carlist civil wars. (For more information about the Basque, and immigrants to the United States from this region, please see the article Basque Americans.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spanish Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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